Saturday, May 21, 2022

Passages: Ernie Pyle's War - America's Eyewitness (Pt 1)

Excerpts From Ernie Pyle's War:

America's Eyewitness to World War II

Photo of front cover by GH

Introduction:

This is the second book by or about Ernie Pyle that has been featured on this site. And after reading Mr. Pyle's HERE IS YOUR WAR I listed several excerpts from his book in order to illustrate some of the captivating writing that made him a household name in the United States during World War II.  

Please click here to learn a bit more about this book, i.e., Ernie Pyle's War

Below you will find a few excerpts from Ernie Pyle's War, perhaps enough to encourage you to try to find a copy for yourself.

Roving Reporter, 1935 - 1939

"I didn't like the inside work," Ernie told a reporter later.
"I didn't like to be bossed... I didn't like to be tied down, roped in.
I wanted to get out... get away... keep going."

Ernie wandered the Western Hemisphere 
for nearly seven years, from 1935 until early in 1942.
A tramp with an expense account, he explored cities,
towns and crossroad villages in forty-eight states,
Alaska, Canada, Hawaii, and Central and South America.
He got out of his Dodge convertible coupe
to talk with thousands of people - soda jerks, millionaires,
death-row inmates, movie stars, cranks, cowboys, 
strippers, sheepherders, strikers, bosses, promoters, sculptors,
mayors, hookers, teachers, prospectors, tramps and evangelists.
He wrote two and a half million words that comprise
a forgotten but magnificent mosaic of the American scene
in the Great Depression.

And in the process he created "Ernie Pyle."

The actual Ernie remained
a bundle of contradictions and anxieties,
pressured by deadlines and perpetually worried.
But "Ernie Pyle" came to life
as a figure of warmth and reassurance, a sensitive,
self-deprecating, self-revealing, compassionate friend
who shared his sadnesses and exhilarations,
his daydreams and funny stories,
his ornery moods and nonsensical musings,
his settled prejudices and deepest meditations. 

In 1935, he had become
a consummate craftsman of short prose
and simultaneously shaped a mythic role for himself:
an American Everyman ready for war.

Pages 26 - 27

Photo Credit - The Savoy, London

"A small voice said, 'Go'"

With France in ruins by the end of June 1940,
Hitler had swung his gaze across the English Channel.
By August the planes of the German Luftwaffe
were pounding the English countryside.
In September, bombs began to fall on London.

Each day, in American farmhouses
and city apartments and suburban kitchens,
radios were switched on and dials carefully adjusted
to catch the sober baritone of a CBS reporter
named Edward R. Murrow saying, "This is London,"
with the noise of raining bombs
and antiaircraft guns in the background.

Travelling through the East,
Ernie listened as avidly as anyone.
"The war is beginning to get me down."
"Reading about London actually makes me sick at the stomach."
The pull of the world beyond his personal sphere had
once again proven irresistible. As he explained later,
"It seemed to me that in London there was occurring 
a spiritual holocaust - a trial of souls -
that never again in our day could be reenacted.
I felt that to live your span in this time of ours,
and to detour around an opportunity of sharing
in the most momentous happening of that time,
was simply to be disinterested in living.
It seemed to me somehow that anyone
who went through the immersion
into fear and horror of the London bombings,
could not help but be made fuller by it."

Ernie stepped onto English soil
in a small coastal town on December 9, 1940...
On the night of December 29,
one hundred and thirty German bombers attacked London
in one of the largest incendiary raids of the war. 
Working in his hotel room, Ernie heard them coming,
heard "the quick, bitter firing of the guns" and
"the boom, crump, crump, crump, of heavy bombs
at their work of tearing buildings apart."

The Savoy had a fine basement shelter. But Ernie,
sensing an opportunity, gathered a couple of friends
and went to a high balcony affording a view
of a third of London's skyline. He stayed there for hours, watching
as nearly two thousand separate fires roared throughout the city...

"For on that night this old, old city - even though
I must bite my tongue in shame for say it - was the
most beautiful sight I have ever seen...
The thing I shall always remember above all the other things
in my life is the monstrous loveliness of that one single view
of London on a holiday night - London stabbed with great fires,
shaken by explosions, its dark regions along the Thames
sparkling with the pin points of white-hot bombs,
all of it roofed over with a ceiling of pink
that held bursting shells, balloons, flares."

"We saw two dozen (incendiary bombs) go off in two seconds.
They flashed terrifically, then quickly simmered down
to pin points of dazzling white, burning ferociously.
These white pin points would go out one by one, as the
unseen heroes of the moment smothered them with sand.
But also, as we watched, other pin points would burn on,
and soon a yellow flame would leap up from the white centre.
They had done their work - another building was on fire."

Pages 54 - 55

Searchlights sweep the night skies over London
Photo Credit - The Battle of London

"Pyle's influence is felt"

(Pyle) may have been willfully ignorant of high politics,
but his street-level images were saturated with meaning.
His word portrait of the great London fires communicated
profound sympathy for the British cause. In this he
joined (Edward R.) Murrow in building a structure
of solidarity between Americans and British,
providing the emotional struts and beams upon which
Franklin Roosevelt would soon erect the policy of Lend-lease,
by which the United States extended aid to Britain.

"Would the British cave in under pressure,
like the French? If not, had the Blitz done so much
damage that Britain was already all but beaten? No. 
True, the destruction has been immense, but these
ghastly blows actually have hurt London less than it is
possible to imagine or believe without seeing for yourself."

"Believe it or not, London as a living,
enduring institution is not gravely injured.
Not it its architecture, or in its mode of existence,
or its utilities, or its transportation, or its health.
And above all, not it its spirit.
So far, the blitz on London is a failure.
London is no more knocked out than
the man who smashes a finger is dead."

A British correspondent in New York wired a portion
of Pyle's fire column back to London for reprinting.
Time also reprinted the column, saying: Until last week Ernie
Pyle, an inconspicuous little man with thinning reddish hair and
a shy, pixy face, was not celebrated as a straight news reporter...
but from a hotel room high above Britain's blazing capital...
Pyle last week sent one of the most vivid,
sorrowful dispatches of the war.

Pages 56 - 57

More to follow.

Please click here to read passages or excerpts from another WWII book - Passages: Writers on World War II (Part 2)

Unattributed Photos GH

Wednesday, May 18, 2022

Books re WWII: Ernie Pyle's War

Ernie Pyle's War: America's Eyewitness to World War II

by James Tobin, University Press of Kansas, 1997


Introduction:

This book I highly recommend. It is not about a Canadian or a sailor in RCNVR. It is not about Combined Operations or Canadian members of Combined Ops training on ALCs or LCMs. It is not focussed on operations in which my father was employed re training or participation, e.g., from Dieppe to Operation TORCH, HUSKY, BAYTOWN and more. But I encourage you to check out used-book stores or AbeBooks, spend ten bucks like I did and enjoy reading the very good writing by a fearful war correspondent who - after many months overseas during WWII, writing about the weariness and woes and triumphs and glories of the common American soldier - set the standard for many other war correspondents.

[Another of Pyle's books is reviewed and promoted here. HERE IS YOUR WAR, Parts 1 - 3]

We will not learn more about Canadians in Combined Ops - the focus of this blog/archive of materials - but we will learn more about the events and characteristics of war and the men they rubbed shoulders with. Ernie's prose is from a skilled pen, I say.

Table of Contents follow:


Pyle learned the reporting trade and developed his writing style during four years
as the Washington Daily News' aviation correspondent, flying 100,000 miles and
writing more than 1.5 million words. Photo - Ernie Pyle State Historic Site

The book contains many excerpts from Pyle's writings but is more about other things: How he became a writer, how he developed as a writer, what he was essentially really like, what his relationships with others were like (including his wife Jerry), what the impact of his writing was like and how far it extended... in miles and in years.

On page four we read:

The war had been a harsh mistress to Ernie. First it had offered him the means of escaping personal despair. Then, while his star rose to public heights he had never imagined, the war had slowly driven him downward again into "flat black depression." But he kept this mostly to himself. Instead he had offered readers a way of seeing the war that skirted despair and stopped short of horror. His published version of World War II had become the nation's version.

And if Ernie Pyle himself had not won the war, America's mental picture of the soldiers who had won ti was largely Pyle's creation. He and his grimy G.I.'s, frightened but enduring, had become the heroic symbols of what the soldiers and their children would remember as "the Good War."

Many informative photographs appear in the book (a few samples follow, page 120):







Excerpts follow from a column entitled A Buoyant Tenseness:

In Tunisia, April 1943 - 

The war correspondents over here seldom write about themselves, so it may be interesting if I try to tell you how we live.

There are more than 75 American and British correspondents and photographers in North Africa... The correspondents in the city (Algiers) live a life that is pretty close to normal. They live in hotels or apartments, eat at restaurants or officers' messes, work regular hours, get laundry done... Since their lives are closely akin to the lives of newspapermen at home, we'll deal here with the correspondents as they live at the front.

Some of us spent as much as two months in Tunisia without ever returning to the city. When we do it is a great thrill to come back to civilization - for the first day. 

But then a reaction sets in, and almost invariably we get the heebie-jeebies and find ourselves nervous and impatient with all the confusion and regimentation of city life, and wish ourselves back at the front again.

The outstanding thing abut life at the front is its magnificent simplicity. It is a life consisting only of the essentials - food, sleep, transportation, and what little warmth and safety you can manage to wangle out of it by personal ingenuity...

It is a life that gives you a new sense of accomplishment. In normal life, all the little things are done for us... But not up here. You do everything yourself. You are suddenly conscious again that you CAN do things. The fact that another guy can write a better piece than I can is counterbalanced by the fact that I can roll a better bedroll than he can.

And last, and probably most important of all, is that you have a feeling of vitality. You are in the heart of everything, and you are a part of it. You don't feel like an onlooker; you feel that you're a member of the team.

Pages 254 - 255

Soon to follow will be a few more poignant excerpts from this book, which readers will be able to find by linking to "passages from WW2 books." See 'click on HEADINGS' in right hand margin.  

Please click here to learn about another book related to Combined Operations or World War II - "No Price Too High," by Terry Copp

Questions or comments can be added below or addressed to Gord H. at gordh7700@gmail.com

Unattributed Photos GH

Monday, May 16, 2022

Photographs: Canadians in "Combined Operations" (Parts 1 - 9)

Photographs Help Tell the Story of Canada's Role, WWII

"Combined Operations" (Book) Produced in London ONT

Unfortunately, no caption provided, but a Landing Craft, Assault (LCA)
may be ferrying troops and supplies in Sicily or Italy, July - Sept., 1943

Introduction:

A significant history book was assembled, printed and first distributed in London, Ontario, beginning in the early 1990s by Clayton Marks (RCNVR, Combined Ops) and his wife Jewel Marks. The book shortly thereafter inspired David Lewis (RCNVR, Comb. Ops), his wife Catherine (Kit), and Len Birkenes (RCNVR, Comb. Ops) to collect stories and photographs from other Canadian veterans of RCNVR and Combined Operations. Two more volumes of stories were soon printed and distributed in 1995.

Together these three books form the backbone of our knowledge concerning the 950 - 1,000 young Canadian sailors who participated in Allied raids and invasions - principally by manning various types of landing craft - i.e., including the raids at St. Nazaire and Dieppe, France, and the invasions of North Africa (Operation TORCH), Sicily (HUSKY), Italy (BAYTOWN and AVALANCHE), Normandy, France (NEPTUNE)... and more, including instructing new recruits at a Combined Operations School on Vancouver Island, Canada in 1944 - 45 (at HMCS Givenchy III).

The stories, memoirs and photographs found in Combined Operations by C. Marks are shared below in nine entries:


A few of the entries found in Table of Contents, Combined Operations

Canadians in "Combined Operations," (Part 1)



Many good quality photos found in Combined Operations




Important report by Lt. Cmdr. J. Koyl (above) is included, pg. 173



Canadians in "Combined Operations," (Part 9)

To view more photographs related to the service of Canadians in Combined Operations, please visit A Canadian Sailor's Solid Record

Unattributed Photos GH

Thursday, May 12, 2022

Photographs: Canadians in "Combined Operations" (Pt 9)

The D-Day Normandy Crossings and Landings

Work Horses of Allied Landing Craft Flotillas

Jack Anderson and David Lewis grappling with the Sgt. in the water
From Combined Operations by Londoner Clayton Marks, page 136

Introduction:

In the top photo it is difficult to see J. Anderson and D. Lewis in the water between a troop ship (unidentified, right) and Landing Craft Infantry (Large), aka LCI(L) 311 (264th Flotilla). However, they are a bit more visible in the next photo, also found on page 136 of Mr. Marks' rare book about the Canadians who volunteered for the Combined Operations organization during WWII.

Jack Anderson climbing to safety. David Lewis and Sgt. still in the water

The book Combined Operations by Clayton Marks, once distributed at Navy reunions in the early - mid 1990s, inspired David and Catherine (Kit) Lewis and Len Birkenes (RCNVR, Combined Ops) to write, collect, edit and print another batch of stories by Canadian Navy veterans. The books are entitled  St. Nazaire to Singapore: The Canadian Amphibious War 1941 - 1945 (Volumes 1 and 2) and can be read in their entirety online. Use the following valuable links: Volume 1 here; Volume 2 here. 

Clayton Marks hosted a get-together at his London home in the 1990s that included David Lewis and three other RCNVR/Comb. Ops veterans around the time Clayton's book was being printed and Lewis's was getting started:

Five significant books were produced by four of the Canadian men above

Back, L - R: 'Gash', Clayton, and David Lewis (David wrote and
collected stories for St. Nazaire to Singapore (two lengthy volumes)
Front L - R: Doug (my father) and Al (full names are w top photo)
For more information about these and other veterans, click here

Below is an excerpt from David Lewis' work in Volume 2 related to the earlier photo of "Jack Anderson climbing to safety. David Lewis and Sgt. still in the water." David (D) is chatting with Murray Baker (M) - a former shipmate - while looking at old black and whites re WWII:

The excerpt is from St. Nazaire to Singapore, page 351

Four full-page photographs follow from Combined Operations, from pages 137 - 140. Photo Credits are not listed:

Caption - Debarking D-Day
Photo Credit - NA [Help Wanted!]



Caption - D-Day Crossing

Caption - Embarking Southampton

Caption - Debarking - Rhino Ferry Dock - D-Day

While looking at RCN Photographer Gilbert A. Milne's book entitled H.M.C.S. - One Photographer's Impressions of the RCN in WWII I spotted the following photographs and caption on pages 102 - 103. The first photo is the same as the first one in Clayton Marks' group of four above, and I would not be surprised if Milne deserves the credit for many of the unattributed photos reproduced in Combined Operations:




Jack Anderson was mentioned in the caption of the first two photographs in this entry (top of page) and his lengthy written report (an 8-page diary entry) re the Normandy crossings and landings is included in the book Combined Operations, pages 141 - 148. I share the first two pages below:

LCI(L) - 311 "DIARY" 

by Lt. J. Anderson

Monday, June 5 D-l (D-Day minus 1)

Started out as a normal day with the usual sloppy hands fall in. Dave (Lewis likely) slightly annoyed because he couldn't get us all in the picture. Ian (Barclay) with a pre-invasion enthusiasm, actually left the ship by 845 to scour the town for liquor. By noon, with only one wine merchant and a brewery to canvas, he had only managed a case of Guinness for each craft. Oh well, Guinness is good for you. Most of the day was spent in trying to get in various lists and forms all of which were marked secret and obviously as important as European plans. By five p.m. it appeared the big show was definitely on and the morale of the ship's company bucked up 100%. The first ship in our trot slipped at 715 and we pulled away from the jettyside about 730. There were only four people there - Chief Biggs, the writer and two Yanks from the 75 which came down to let go our lines. All that was said were a few "goodbyes and good lucks". Most uninspiring.

The passage down Southampton waters and the Solent was a nightmare. Dave had gone below to try to catch a few winks so I found myself almost alone on the bridge - that is (if) one drunken C.P.O. and a stupid Army officer count. Ian came up shortly. At the old docks a few soldiers and dockyard mateys took off their hats and cheered. They could almost be heard on the ship but the troops got the idea and cheered back again. Then started the old Army songs - a bunch of new ones too - apparently picked up in North Africa. I'm still waiting to hear Dirty Girtie though. Just beyond Calshot Light Vessel an ex-cruiser, now a minelayer, had her crew lined up in number threes on the maindeck. As each craft passed they all cheered. Only twenty craft passed but they must have been rather hoarse at the end of the evening. At ten o'clock we went through the Hamplead boom. As we did, two Hunt class destroyers came speeding UP and took up their respective positions ahead and astern of the Flotilla. By 130 Dave came on the bridge and Ian and I went below. Had a Guinness with the Army Majors and turned in.

Tuesday, June 6 D-Day

1:30 seems to come quickly, especially when you get to sleep at midnight. I stumbled around for about 15 minutes and finally got up to the bridge about two o'clock. Dave was curled up in a corner trying to sleep likely most uncomfortable. Ian went down for a short nap. There was nothing out of the ordinary until about four when great white flares were dropped about twenty miles on our port bow. Our aircraft had been droning over all night so it was hard to say who dropped them. It did liven up the middle a bit though. Our trip was uneventful until we dodged two mines, one to starboard and one to port.

At 9 a.m. we arrived in the waiting area. As far as the eye could see along the beach, the water was covered with ships. The cruisers, one to every shore battery, were firing the odd salvo and there appeared to be a lot of smoke along the beach. At this point we started Kyle capers in the form of ring-a-round the rosie until eleven when we were ordered to beach. We formed sub divisions in line abreast and charged at the beach at flank ahead. Our pretty manoeuvers were ruined however by the number of craft on the beach - they don't look good high and dry. Made a nice beaching and the troops got off quickly chiefly due to Dave's turning on the loud hailer and screaming continually "get off my bloody ship" at them. After the first five minutes they decided he meant business and literally fell over themselves trying to get down the ramps. When we came out we realized that we had floated over the top of the German beach barriers. It's luck the tide was high. The only excitement, aside from seeing about 150 German prisoners sullenly marching along the road, was the ping of a few rifle shots fired by some damn fool on an LCT. Ain't war hell! Kyle, the Gunnery Officer, was disappointed with the lack of excitement and the fact that the cruisers and destroyers were shelling inland positions. Later, when we anchored, he deflated his ego by firing a few rounds from his pistol in the water. After this was all over we went out and anchored about a mile from the beach and started squaring off the ship. Just after supper we had an alert, the first hint of enemy opposition from the air. At ten thirty Dave sounded action stations so I had to get out of bed. I was too tired to take even a remote interest- so after watching the tracers for a few minutes I went back to the old bunk and crashed - right through two later air raids.

Wednesday, June 7 D+l

Having slept through these two air raids, Dave and Ian decided I needed sleep so they let me snore on until nine.

About 10:30 a.m. we received a signal from S.O.F.C. saying that "five infantry carriers are arriving at 1700". We were to unload them. By 11:00 we were under way searching for 5 carriers. We found three in one place but they were in Force J area. Finally by 2:30, after having darted back and forth between endless lines of ships, anchored and doing nothing, we went back to these three and started unloading one, the Bibby liner "Cheshire". We took 250 Cameron Highlanders and about 150 Pioneers.

In the midst of all the excitement, Dave jumped in to help a sergeant that had fallen off the Jacob's ladder. I climbed down the thing with a knife in my teeth, pirate style, so Dave could cut him loose. Unfortunately I had to get wet. Meanwhile Ian had broadcast to the world his profound opinions of the Allied landings over the B.B.C. The announcer was genuinely concerned over all the firing from the cruisers, one shell in every ten minutes (and only one cruiser was firing) and a large red ensign. He had put these two tidbits together and concluded there was an air raid on and so heroically, in the midst of battle, broadcast the unloading of the "Cheshire" troops. One amazing sight is the number of cruisers and destroyers which are anchored off the beach. They serve no apparent purpose, but they do look nice. There cannot be that many senior staff officers requiring H.Q. ships. If there are, it helps explain a lot of things about a lot of other things.

The beach on the whole looked a lot better as they managed to beach 10 LST's.


Readers can read the entire diary entry by Lt. Anderson by clicking here: D-Day Normandy - Lt. Anderson's Diary

More photographs follow from Combined Operations by Clayton Marks:

Caption: What a Mess! Looking for a place to debark. Page 149

Caption: Landing D-Day - LCAs (work horses, as were LCMs)
Page 150. Photo Credit - N/A

Mr. Marks includes a page from the February 29, 1944 issue of the Evening Standard. (Help Wanted. What city in Canada?):

As found on page 170, Combined Operations

Final Photos; all have been squeezed together on pages 171 and 172. I have taken separate photos of the following shots, likely taken by a collection of sailors, officers, and RCN photographers. No photo credits are provided:












The book Combined Operations concludes with the following entries:

Table of Contents, Combined Operations, page ii

An informative excerpt by Lt. Cdr. Jake Koyl, beginning page 173, is provided below:

R.C.N. PERSONNEL IN COMBINED OPERATIONS

Recorded information from files of Lt. Cdr. J.E. Koyl D.S.C. - R.C.N.V.R. (deceased)

The idea of Combined Operations is not by any means a new one but merely the bringing back to life of an old war idea. After the evacuation of Dunkerque, Combined Operations began to take on a definite plan under the leadership of Sir Roger Keyes who was appointed Chief of Combined Operations (C.C.O.) on July 17, 1940. This Junior branch of the Navy had facing it all the problems and difficulties which a new idea or branch encounters in a service built up on centuries of tradition. This was most unfortunate as it could not enjoy the necessary co-operation to build itself up to the degree of efficiency which would be required for the tasks that lay ahead,

Up until and as late as January 1943, Flotilla Officers who were then building up new organizations, could not procure even sufficient craft to train their men for actual operations. It has been known for a Flotilla Officer to approach an enemy coast not ever having seen the majority of his men in training and with the full realization that they were not capable of doing their task in a competent manner. Conditions improved shortly after this, and it was sincerely hoped that the new year would do away with the utter confusion and chaos of 1942. This is not a criticism of the Combined Operations policy during that period but it is merely being mentioned to bring home the fact that several groups of Canadian volunteers were face to face with conditions which were discouraging.

In the early days of Combined Operations, a sprinkling of Canadian Officers who were on loan to the R.N. were present on some of the more important raids, or should one say raids that were released to the press; Lofoten, Boulogne, St. Nazaire. In the latter part of 1941, the Canadian Navy committed itself to send on loan to the Royal Navy, 50 Officers and 500 Ratings, to form Canadian Flotillas. The Officer material for these first two units were chosen from the Naval Colleges H.M.C.S. "ROYAL ROADS" and H.M.C.S. "KINGS". All men joining this band were to be volunteers and unmarried. Little information could be gathered on the subject as a cloak of mystery and "hush hush" covered the whole picture.

In January, 1942 in Volendam, fourteen Officers and ninety-six Ratings sailed from Canada for the U.K. knowing nothing of what lay ahead but looking forward to a rather exciting life. On arrival in the U.K. they began a course of training which lasted two months, most of this training being LCA's, Landing Craft Assault, and LCM's, Landing Craft Mechanized. By the end of April they were split up into two operational Flotillas.

The first operational call received was in early June when they sailed away from their base to take part in some operation, but this was cancelled and all were ordered to return to base. These periods of suspense were most trying on the morale of all men as during these periods of waiting, sometimes lasting over two months, they were posted to routine camp duties.

The first opportunity for action came with the Dieppe raid. Though, not operating as Canadian units, Officers and men were intermingled with R.N. Flotillas and much valuable experience was gained.

One all Canadian Flotilla was H.M.S. "Duke of Wellington" except for the C.O. who was British. The Commanding Officer was killed around 0630 in the initial assault on Blue Beach. The rest of the operation was completed with the all Canadian Flotilla under the command of Lt. J.E. Koyle. They left the beaches on orders from H.M.S. Calpe (H.Q. ship) and returned to Newhaven. A more difficult task could not have been chosen for their baptismal of fire. Details of the enemy opposition and the intensity of fire need not be elaborated here but the Canadians carried out their very hazardous duties in a manner which brought great credit to them. Casualties were few and in view of the intensity of enemy fire the percentage was very low.

Shortly after Dieppe, the Canadian Flotillas, now six in number, were making their preparations for a new operation which subsequently turned out to be "Operation Torch" eg. the North African invasion. For several weeks the British and American troops were trained in amphibious warfare and on completion of this training, the invasion was completed successfully. This operation, as compared to Dieppe, was a complete holiday as the opposition in most quarters was negligible. By the middle of December, 1942, the Canadian Flotillas were returning to England. The H.M.S. Ettrick was sunk off Cadiz with the loss of 18 Canadians. Survivors were picked up by a Norwegian destroyer and returned to Gibraltar. The S.S. Clan McTaggart was also sunk in approximately the same area with the loss of 1 Canadian. Picked up survivors were returned to England aboard a British corvette.

On their return to England and by early January they were re-organized into 4 Flotillas, the 55th and 61st manning LCAs and the 80th and 81st manning LCMs. Once again preparations were being made for another operation and by the end of May, 1943, the four Flotillas arrived in Egypt. Further exercises were carried out and finally came the invasion of Sicily and the operation in Italy. The Canadian Flotillas at all times performed their duties in a manner which brought the highest of praise from our Commanding Officer, Admiral Troubridge, Admiral of the force.

Passage to Suez -

Most of the personnel of the 80th Flotilla, including Lt. Koyl and about half the 81st, sailed from the Clyde late in March of 1943 and proceeded in a fast Landing Ship Infantry convoy via the Cape of Good Hope to Suez, arriving there on May 2nd. The Flotillas were disembarked at a Combined Training Centre on the Bitter Lakes. The other half of the 81st, including Lt. W.J. Mullins, R.C.N.V.R, Flotilla Officer, sailed from the Clyde in S.S. "EMPIRE CHARMIAN" on March 26, 1943. With the "EMPIRE CHARMIAN" sailed R.F.A. "ENNERDALE" of the 108th L.C.M. Flotilla (Lt. J. Whittal, R.C.N.V.R. Flotilla Officer).

Officer Jake Koyl with Canadian members of Combined Ops and Landing
Craft Flotillas prior to Operation HUSKY, July, 1942. Photo and caption
from St. Nazaire to Singapore: Canadian Amphibious War, 1941 - 45

Obituary of Lt. Cdr. Jake Koyl, RCNVR, Combined Operations

From Freetown, "EMPIRE CHARMIAN" proceeded independently to Walvis Bay where she spent two and a half days and was sailed in a small convoy to Capetown. After two days she caught a convoy to Durban and sailed from there in convoy as far as the south end of the Mozambique channel whence she proceeded independently, calling at Aden and arriving at Suez. There the Flotilla Officer decided to take his part of the Flotilla to join the others at "SAUNDERS", where they spent just over three weeks getting the craft into first class condition and enjoying rest and sunshine. For the benefit of the new hands, three days' exercise was carried out and the Flotilla Officer found himself satisfied that everyone knew his job. Further exercises were not held since it was undesirable to use the craft more than necessary before the operation.

Meanwhile the remainder of the 80th Flotilla was arriving with their craft in small groups from S.S. "GLENARTNEY" and S.S. "PARDO" which had proceeded via Freetown and Capetown. At the last minute before the operation was mounted at Port Said, the final batch of the 80th Flotilla arrived in S.S. "SILVER WALNUT". She had been held up with engine trouble at Durban for ten days and when she was sailed independently broke down completely about 300 miles east of Madagascar. The vessel drifted for some time in an area frequented by Jap U-boats but she eventually was repaired and proceeded to Aden arriving about June 24th. The delay in "SILVER WALNUT" arriving at Suez necessitated the transfer of her personnel immediately to Alexandria. There was no time to transfer the craft she carried and therefore five craft of the 80th Flotilla were left behind.

As found in Combined Operations,  pages 173 - 175


This is the last post in a series of 9 individual offerings. I will next create an entry that has a link to each of the nine posts in one place, for easy reading.

Until then, please click here to link to Photographs: Canadians in "Combined Operations" (Pt 8)

Unattributed Photos GH